Well there are popular languages like c, c++, python, ruby, java, vb.net, c#, etc. and then there are languages that, besides having a specific purpose at one time, don't really have a purpose anymore. I don't know of anyone that readily uses fortran of cobal anymore. I could be wrong about that though.
Depending on what you want to program will depend on what you program with. c and c++ are very powerful though you have to be careful with them because you have to specify how the memory is managed. high level languages like python and ruby are great for new programmers, c# and vb.net are also simple to use and are generally used for windows applications. using them with visual studio, you can easily create applications with the same style as other windows application.
Now java....haha, I don't really like java but regardless, it's an awesome language if you want to cross-platform.
there are of course a very large amount more of languages, I just named a couple of popular ones. If you want to do web design, I would consider css or javascript or something of the likes.