As Voyagerfan99 says! If you really want to do it manually, you can also look for changed files with the "A" attribute (files that have not been archived) and copy those only. After archiving, the attribute needs to be reset. Proper backup software will do that for you automatically.
I would suggest you get some backup software. There's lots of free stuff out there. I got Retrospect with my WD external drive. Retrospect is a pig to understand but is excellent in use. I can do an incremental backup for a whole drive but I can also configure a little script to backup only changed files in my most used folders into the same backup set, and have a record of previous versions of files. Your cake and eat it too in the shortest possible time.
Possible backup strategies depend on what software you are using and how you are backing up. There are many options but here are a few:
Simple overwrite. If you have some folders or files you want to save and overwrite what is in your backup set, that can be quick but you have no record of the earlier version.
Incremental backup: If you are backing up large drives, you may want to only save changes into the backup set. In order to do that, the software has to compare the dates or attributes of every file before it knows which is a newer version. This should be quicker than the simple overwrite since the software does a quick scan of file attributes and then only overwrites the changed files.
Incremental or normal backup with previous versions: The software not only stores the latest version of any file but previous versions too. A larger backup set.